“Europe” in the Middle Ages

Oschema (Ruhr Univ., Bochum, Germany) discusses how medieval writers, intellectuals, and societal elites frequently used the term or concept Europe and what they meant by it. He concludes that usage of this term in historical context provides no roadmap for modern conceptualization of the EU....[I]t would be anachronistic to identify Charlemagne as the "father of Europe" or to characterize his empire as European. The term in the central and late medieval period followed past usage, and the crusades and Ottoman expansion occasionally prompted an equivalence of Europe and Latin Christendom. In sum: before the early modern period, any stress on religious, political, social, and cultural characteristics played a minor role whenever Europe was mentioned.

~R. C. Figueira, Choice Connect 61, no. 6 (February 2024): art. 61-1694